Lutherus treibet” (what Luther pushes) but “Was Christum treibet” (what pushes Christ). To put it another way, there is a claim to truth that norms Scripture, but it is the same norm that norms Luther and any interpreter of Scripture. Later Protestant scholastic theologians (but not early Lutherans) distinguished between Scripture (as an authority and norm over every other authority) and creeds and confessions (as authorities subject to scriptural authority).20 In some ways, Scripture is that higher